Keharaman Babi dalam Agama Abrahamik: Analisis Materialisme Kebudayaan Marvin Harris
Abstract
Abstract. The prohibition of pork in Abrahamic religions is generally only associated with theological arguments based on highly dogmatic religious sacred texts. However, this research attempts to analyze the prohibition of pork from the perspective of Marvin Harris's cultural materialism, which seeks to break down theological arguments by showing that human culture is not formed by metaphysical matters, but rather by material conditions and the physical environment that determine human consciousness. With this approach, Harris attempts to explain cultural phenomena scientifically and materialistically by basing them on material and economic factors, thus challenging dogmatic theological explanations. The result of the study shows that the prohibition of pork is the result of societal adaptation based on concrete material and environmental conditions.
Abstrak. Keharaman babi dalam agama Abrahamik pada umumnya hanya dikaitkan dengan argumen teologis berbasis teks suci agama yang sangat dogmatis. Namun, riset ini mencoba menggali bagaimana keharaman babi dianalisis dalam perspektif materialisme kebudayaan Marvin Harris, yang berupaya mendobrak argumen teologis dengan memandang bahwa budaya manusia bukanlah terbentuk dari hal-hal metafisis, melainkan karena kondisi materi dan lingkungan fisik yang menentukan kesadaran manusia. Dengan pendekatan ini, Harris mencoba menjelaskan fenomena budaya secara ilmiah dan materialistik dengan mendasarkannya pada faktor-faktor materi dan ekonomi, sehingga menentang penjelasan teologis yang bersifat dogmatis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keharaman babi sebagai hasil adaptasi masyarakat berdasarkan kondisi materi dan lingkungan yang konkret dengan alasan praktis terkait lingkungan maupun ekonomi.
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